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The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1. Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union after Madrid and the third highest capital of Europe after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. Sofia is the 14th-largest city in the European Union. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in Bulgarian rule was restored in Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth.
NATO (engelsk: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; dansk: Den Nordatlantiske Traktats Organisation; [1] fransk: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN) er en international organisation for politisk og militært forsvarssamarbejde omkring den nordlige del af Atlanterhavet, som blev etableret i på initiativ af den de allierede krigspartnere i form af den britiske. The Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city.
Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. It takes its source in Rila , Bulgaria's highest mountain, [ 43 ] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. The origin is in the Greek word sophía σοφία , "wisdom". The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi.
In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs.
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Summers are quite warm and sunny. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. Artificial and dam lakes were built in the twentieth century. The Senate voted by to In , the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until , when it was reincorporated by the reborn Bulgarian Empire. The city is built west of the Iskar river and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths.
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The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around , in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya صوفيه. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. It has a humid continental climate.
Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church , [ 39 ] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport , and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar , where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.
Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for startup businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. The population of Sofia declined from 70, in the late 18th century, through 19, in , to 11, in , after which it began increasing. Gradually, a compromise arose, officialisation of Sofia for the nationwide institutions, while legitimating the title Sredets for the administrative and church institutions, before the latter was abandoned through the years.
Winters are relatively cold and snowy. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska , Vladayska and Perlovska. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35 °C 95 °F on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses.
ROME, Aug 3 (Reuters) - Italy's parliament on Wednesday gave its final approval to a bill ratifying the accession of Finland and Sweden to the NATO alliance. The highest recorded temperature is The city receives an average precipitation of The driest recorded year was with a total precipitation of The geographic position of the Sofia Valley limits the flow of air masses, increasing the chances of air pollution by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.
The valley has an average altitude of metres 1, ft.
Being Bulgaria's primary city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. In , there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid.
It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. While the and earthquakes were intense and destructive, the Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5. Sofia City Province has an area of km 2 , [ 42 ] while the surrounding and much bigger Sofia Province is 7, km 2.