Sfi ordförråd
Some sources state that Sufism is the inner dimensions of the teachings of Muhammad whereas others say that Sufism emerged during the Islamic Golden Age from about the eighth to tenth centuries. Centuries later, with the support of Mughal rulers, his shrine became a place of pilgrimage. A group of Sufi masters who defended the works of theosophists such as Ghazali and al-Qushayri began emerging in the late eleventh and early- to mid-twelfth centuries.
In the eleventh century, Sufi orders Tariqa were instrumental in the institutional spread of Sufism. Ibn al-Arif was one of the first to interpret Ghazali in the West, and he also founded a method of spiritual training called tariqah. Many consider him to have established the first Sufi school in the province; however, his teachings were outside of the so-called "mainstream" Sufism that was more common in the East during his lifetime.
Its disciples remained loyal to the throne because of the common Turkic origin. It is popular among the Muslims of South India. Towards the end of the 1st millennium CE, a number of manuals began to be written summarizing the doctrines of Sufism and describing some typical Sufi practices. En film för SFI med våra vanligaste husdjur. It was patronized by the Mughal rulers , as its founder was their ancestral Pir Spiritual guide.
Sufism was an important factor in the historical spread of Islam, and in the creation of regional Islamic cultures, especially in Africa [ 40 ] and Asia. Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali.
Andalusi Sufism was at its peak at this time. The Khalwati order was founded by Umar al-Khalwati, an Azerbaijani Sufi known for undertaking long solitary retreats in the wilderness of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Akbar used to visit the shrine every year. Of them the Chishti order is the most visible. For some, it reflects the influence of the mystical tradition in Cordoba attributed to Ibn Masarra. A distinct practice of piety associated with introspection, drawing from different practices and ideas, took form in Baghdad in the second half of the 9th century.
Although Sufism would no longer directly be a part of Andalusi life after the Catholic Monarchs reconquered all Spain, some have seen Sufism's lasting influence in Spain. One figure in particular has often been credited as being the earliest introduction of Sufism to Spain: Ibn Masarra. During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq , who spread the Delhi sultanate towards the south, the Chistiyya spread its roots all across India.
Turkic conquests in South Asia were accompanied by four Sufi mystics of the Chishtiyya order from Afghanistan: Moinuddin d. Ordförråd, nya ordSFI svenska för invandrare. In many places, a lodge known variously as a zawiya , khanqah , or takya would be endowed through a pious foundation in perpetuity waqf to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge.
Ordförrådets betydelse för språk-, läs- och skrivutveckling
Beginning in the ninth century and continuing throughout the tenth century, al-Andalus was home to fairly strict, orthodox beliefs and practices. By the twelfth century, shifts towards the acceptance—or at least tolerance—of philosophy and Sufism into what had previously been strictly orthodox beliefs were occurring. Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God.
The exact origin of Sufism is disputed. The essence of this order was insistence on rigid adherence to Sharia [ citation needed ] and nurturing love for the Prophet. The Suhrawardiyyah order of Sufism gained popularity in Bengal. In the medieval period, Islam and Sufism were practically synonyms and a distinction between Sufism and Islamic orthodoxy virtually absent.
Tariqa - Wikipedia
The one exception to that trend was Ibn Abbad al-Rundi , a member of the Shadhiliyya order who was born in Ronda and whose scholarship brought together mystical and juridical paths. Early fuqaha in Spain were somewhat skeptical of philosophical thought as well as of Sufism. After Ibn Masarra's death, in his followers fell under heavy persecution under the jurists who destroyed Ibn Masarra's works and also forced his followers to recant.
Ahmet Karamustafa describes renunciation زُهد zuhd as a widespread form of piety in Muslim communities in the first century of Abbasid rule. Two of al Ghazali 's finest treatises, the " Revival of Religious Sciences " and the " Alchemy of Happiness ," depicted Sufism as the complete fulfilment of Islamic Law. This became the mainstream position among Islamic scholars for centuries, challenged only recently on the basis of Orientalism and Wahhabism.
No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period. Ibn Arabi , another key figure of this period of Sufism in the region, was born in Murcia in at the beginning of the Almohad reign. He is one of the most important Sufis of Spain, although he--like many other Andalusi Sufis--would eventually leave the peninsula and travel throughout North Africa and the East. Recent academic work on these topics has focused on the role of Sufism in creating and propagating the culture of the Ottoman world, including a study of the various branches of the Naqshbandi [ 41 ] and Khalwati orders, [ 42 ] and in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.
According to Ibn Khaldun Sufism was already practiced by the Sahaba , but with the spread of material tendencies, the term Sufi was just applied to those who emphasize the spiritual practice of Islam. Many people began to read and translate the works of philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato. While the Indian subcontinent branches of the order did not survive into modern times, the order later spread into the Ottoman Empire and became influential there after it came under persecution by the rise of the Safavid Shahs during the sixteenth century.
In later centuries, especially the twelfth and thirteenth, Sufism became more accepted and somewhat assimilated into Andalusi Islam.
All Sufi orders claim a direct chain of leadership to Muhammad, through Ali, with the exception of the Naqshbandis who claim a direct connection to Muhammad through Abu Bakr. Between the 13th and 16th centuries CE, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Golden Age" whose physical artifacts are still present.